The countrys Jewish population numbered fewer than 200 persons. )industry: 39.3% (2017 est. )119.354 (2019 est. Visit the Definitions and Notes page to view a description of each topic. Note: total area has changed since into the entities shown in this table (dep = department, div = division, arr = arrondissement, sub = subdivision). The report noted the refugee population included Syrians, (an estimated 85 percent), Yemenis, Congolese, Ivoirians, Palestinians, Malians, Central Africans, and other nationalities. From March 18 until April 8, the ministrys Labor Inspector Service conducted inspections into child labor of 9,748 businessdown from 11,575 businesses the previous year. Unions have the right to form and join federations or confederations, and the government recognized four confederations. )subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 11 (2020 est. The law additionally prohibits local periodicals from receiving direct or indirect material support from foreign sources. ~1962: Name of Bne department changed to Annaba. Respect for Civil Liberties, Including: b. The 89 organizations were given formal notices to abide by the law. ), Atlantic Ocean drainage: Niger (2,261,741 sq km)Internal (endorheic basin) drainage: Lake Chad (2,497,738 sq km), Lullemeden-Irhazer Aquifer System, Murzuk-Djado Basin, North Western Sahara Aquifer, Taoudeni-Tanezrouft Basin, the vast majority of the populace is found in the extreme northern part of the country along the Mediterranean Coast as shown in this population distribution map, mountainous areas subject to severe earthquakes; mudslides and floods in rainy season; droughts, largest country in Africa but 80% desert; canyons and caves in the southern Hoggar Mountains and in the barren Tassili n'Ajjer area in the southeast of the country contain numerous examples of prehistoric art - rock paintings and carvings depicting human activities and wild and domestic animals (elephants, giraffes, cattle) - that date to the African Humid Period, roughly 11,000 to 5,000 years ago, when the region was completely vegetated, Arab-Berber 99%, European less than 1%note: although almost all Algerians are Berber in origin (not Arab), only a minority identify themselves as primarily Berber, about 15% of the total population; these people live mostly in the mountainous region of Kabylie east of Algiers and several other communities; the Berbers are also Muslim but identify with their Berber rather than Arab cultural heritage; Berbers have long agitated, sometimes violently, for autonomy; the government is unlikely to grant autonomy but has officially recognized Berber languages and introduced them into public schools. )arable land: 3.2% (2018 est. Abuse of Migrants, Refugees, and Stateless Persons: In June the Associated Press (AP) reported that the government had forced an estimated 13,000 migrants over the previous 14 months to walk from Guezzam, Algeria, to Assamakka, Niger as part of the repatriation process. )from coal and metallurgical coke: 352,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est. The NGOs reported harassment and threats of imprisonment by government authorities. The government may invalidate a unions legal status if authorities perceive its objectives to be contrary to the established institutional system, public order, good morals, law, or regulations in force. The Ministry of National Solidarity, Family, and Women reported that it ran 238 centers throughout the country that provided support for persons with intellectual, auditory, vision, and physical disabilitiesdown from 242 the previous year. The decision to strike must be approved by majority vote of workers at a general meeting. Declining oil prices have also reduced the governments ability to use state-driven growth to distribute rents and fund generous public subsidies, and the government has been under pressure to reduce spending. Last Updated: March 27, 2018 You are about to leave travel.state.gov for an external website that is not maintained by the U.S. Department of State. The Algerian Red Crescent, which is subordinate to the Ministry of Solidarity, maintained welcome facilities that provided food and shelter for those Syrians without means to support themselves. President BOUTEFLIKA announced in fall 2017 that Algeria intends to develop its non-conventional energy resources. While the constitution provides for the separation of powers between the executive and judicial branches of government, the executive branchs broad statutory authorities limited judicial independence. Arbitrary Arrest: Although the law prohibits arbitrary arrest and detention, authorities sometimes used vaguely worded provisions, such as inciting an unarmed gathering and insulting a government body, to arrest and detain individuals considered to be disturbing public order or criticizing the government. 2018 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: Algeria, An official website of the United States Government. It appears that the -r- spelling is ), Phoenicians, Carthaginians, Romans, Vandals, Byzantines, over a dozen different Arab and Berber dynasties, Spaniards, and Ottoman Turks. The first two digits are the same as the two-digit ISO province code. The law prohibits parties based on religion, ethnicity, gender, language, or region, but there were various political parties commonly known to be Islamist, notably members of the Green Alliance. Algeria has struggled to develop non-hydrocarbon industries because of heavy regulation and an emphasis on state-driven growth. as a national language. See the Department of StatesAnnual Report on International Parental Child Abductionathttps://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/International-Parental-Child-Abduction/for-providers/legal-reports-and-data.html. Usually this division happens for administrative reasons but the bases on which a country can be divided into states are myriad. Organizations wishing to initiate regular publications must obtain authorization from the government. The government generally cooperated with the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and other humanitarian organizations in providing protection and assistance to refugees, asylum seekers, and other persons of concern. It reported the discovery of four minorsdown from 12 the year before. The law provides that foreigners may be required to furnish bail as a condition of release on provisional liberty status, while Algerian citizens may be released on provisional liberty without posting bail. Exercise increased caution in Algeria due to terrorism and kidnapping. In September a group of military veterans organized a protest in Algiers, prompting a crackdown by authorities. During the year the DGSN conducted nine training sessions on human rights, including for all new cadets. )biomass and waste: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est. )permanent pasture: 13.8% (2018 est. No new trade unions were registered between January and September, and the government said it did not receive any applications. The ministry stated that it worked with the Ministry of Education to integrate children with disabilities into public schools to promote inclusion. Most detainees had prompt access to a lawyer of their choice as accorded by law, and the government provided legal counsel to indigent detainees. The appeal must be filed within three days of the order. )hydroelectricity: 0.1% of total installed capacity (2020 est. Furthermore, all public demonstrations, including protests and strikes, must receive prior government authorization. See the Department of StatesInternational Religious Freedom Reportatwww.state.gov/religiousfreedomreport/. Due to this law, after the legislative elections of 2012, women held approximately 32 percent of seats (146 out of 462) in the National Peoples Congress. International organizations reported some children had trouble in their attempts to integrate into the educational system but that migrants access to education was improving, particularly in the north of the country. Impunity for police and security officials remained a problem, but the government provided information on actions taken against officials accused of wrongdoing. name is usually the same as the name of its capital, the easiest way to track the changes is to consider them as city The National Human Rights Committee (CNDH) said the government had dedicated $12 million to ensure the human rights of migrants during repatriation operations (to include accommodation, food, clothing, health care, medicines, and transportation). Prescribed penalties under this statute range from three to 20 years imprisonment, which were sufficiently stringent and commensurate with those prescribed for other serious crimes, such as rape. During the year, the government deported migrants to Mali. $487.716 billion (2021 est. provinces were predominantly formed by taking the old departments as they were, or by splitting them into two Authorities arrested Fekhar in 2015 and held him for 22 months without a trial. Religious and civil society leaders reported that the Jewish community faced unofficial, religion-based obstacles to government employment and administrative difficulties when working with government bureaucracy. It ranks 16th in proven oil reserves. John Paxton, ed. After making a determination, the ministry notifies the customs service of the decision to allow or ban the importation of the publication. If domestic violence results in death, a judge can prescribe a life sentence. ), 18.52 births/1,000 population (2022 est. )imports: 85,000 metric tons (2020 est. Fekhar was released shortly thereafter, two years after his initial arrest. ), fossil fuels: 98.9% of total installed capacity (2020 est. Administration: Authorities conducted investigations into allegations of mistreatment and took administrative actions against officers it deemed to have committed abuses. The government acknowledged that some detention facilities were overcrowded but said it used alternatives to incarceration such as releasing prisoners with electronic bracelets, conditional release, and replacing prison terms with mandatory community service to reduce overcrowding. By law workers may strike only after 14 days of mandatory conciliation or mediation. A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. Authorities utilized the ban to prohibit assembly within the city limits. The governments actions included harassment of some critics; arbitrary enforcement of vaguely worded laws; informal pressure on publishers, editors, advertisers, and journalists; and control of an estimated 20 percent of the countrys advertising money and printing capabilities. )other alcohols: 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. The center Although specific data was unavailable, children reportedly worked mostly in the informal sales market, often in family businesses. In September 2017 Algerian National Front party leader Moussa Touati stated that his party paid bribes in order to secure its single seat in parliament. WebAlgiers Province ( Arabic: , Wilyat al-Jazir, [wilaja aldazair]; French: wilaya d'Alger or province d'Alger) is a province ( wilayah) in Algeria, named after its capital, The law also stipulates penalties that include imprisonment of two months to two years and fines of DZD 500 to DZD 2,000 ($4.25 to $17) for anyone convicted of having committed a homosexual act. If a minor is involved, the adult may face up to three years imprisonment and a fine of DZD 10,000 ($85). The law criminalizes statements denigrating Islam or insulting the Prophet Muhammed or messengers of God. In 2016 police in Setif arrested Slimane Bouhafs, a Christian convert, for posting statements on his Facebook page questioning the morals of the Prophet Muhammed. Amnesty International maintained an office and actively reported on human rights issues, but it did not receive official authorization to operate from the Ministry of Interior. the same name, with a status nominally equal to the departments of European France. In 2017 the ILO Committee of Experts on the Application of Conventions and Recommendations reiterated that the lengthy registration process seriously impedes the establishment of new unions. Libel/Slander Laws: NGOs and observers criticized the law on defamation as vaguely drafted and said the definitions in the law failed to comport with internationally recognized norms. An Defla split from Chlef; An Tmouchent split from Sidi Bel Abbs; Bordj Bou Arrridj split from Stif; Official assert that the law covers LGBTI individuals through general civil and human rights legislation. 1983-12-15: Thirty-one departments re-organized to form 48 provinces (as shown in the first table). If organizations fail to provide required information to the government or attempt to operate with or accept foreign funds without authorization, they are subject to fines between DZD 2,000 and DZD 5,000 ($17 and $43) and up to six months imprisonment. There were no reports that the government granted refugee status and asylum to new refugee applicants during the year. ), 12.7% (2021 est. )tide and wave: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est. The government devoted increasing resources and attention to it. Unlicensed NGOs remained active, but rarely received government assistance, and citizens at times hesitated to associate with these organizations. Government officials monitored political meetings. Freedom of Peaceful Assembly and Association, d. Freedom of Movement, Internally Displaced Persons, Protection of Refugees, and Stateless Persons, Section 3. the districts. The Ministry of Justice said the agency was subject to all existing judicial controls that apply to law enforcement agencies. As a result, officials suspended six individuals. Arabic (official), French (lingua franca), Berber or Tamazight (official); dialects include Kabyle Berber (Taqbaylit), Shawiya Berber (Tacawit), Mzab Berber, Tuareg Berber (Tamahaq)major-language sample(s): (Arabic)The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. The law permits unions to affiliate with international labor bodies and develop relations with foreign labor groups. Foreign observers from the African Union, Organization of Islamic Cooperation, and Arab League characterized the elections as largely well organized and conducted without significant problems on election day. A provision of the penal code allows an adult accused of corruption of a minor to avoid prosecution if the accused subsequently marries his or her victim and if the crime did not involve violence, threats, or fraud. Algeria uses five-digit postal codes. Illegal migrants from Sub-Saharan Africa, particularly Malians, Nigeriens, and Gambians, continue to come to Algeria in search of work or to use it as a stepping stone to Libya and Europe. ), total petroleum production: 1,414,800 bbl/day (2021 est. There were isolated reports that children were subjected to commercial sexual exploitation. The law does not adequately cover migrant workers employed primarily in construction and as domestic workers. ), $5.574 billion (2019 est. military territories as the arrondissements were to the civil territories, and the cercles were on a par with organized as annexes. There was no evidence of any pattern of discrimination toward asylum applicants, but the lack of a formal asylum system made this difficult to assess. The government allowed undeclared workers to gain credit for social security and retirement benefits for time spent in the informal economy if they repay any taxes owed after registering. )methane emissions: 49.94 megatons (2020 est. According to the ministry, there were 14 accredited foreign press agencies reported during the year. )$24.902 billion (2020 est. and Guelma. The law grants the government wide-ranging oversight of and influence in the day-to-day activities of civil society organizations. In the years following independence, low-skilled Algerian workers and Algerians who had supported the French (known as Harkis) emigrated en masse to France. Other refugees, asylum seekers, and migrants had access to free public hospitals, but independent NGOs reported instances of migrants turned away. Striking requires a secret ballot of the whole workforce. Some of those arrested, reported being brutalized. On September 8, several leaders were prevented from marching in Constantine. Fighting escalated into an insurgency, which saw intense violence from 1992-98, resulting in over 100,000 deaths many attributed to indiscriminate massacres of villagers by extremists. )$496.547 billion (2019 est. The information collected is used to assist the government in developing targeted programs to support and protect women in vulnerable situations, including violence. Academic seminars generally occurred with limited governmental interference. Opposition parties from across the political spectrum criticized the new law for creating a more complex process for qualifying for the ballot, as well as for establishing an electoral monitoring body whose members would be appointed by the president and parliament, which is controlled by a coalition headed by the presidents party. The government maintained undue media influence and opposition political parties claimed they did not have access to public television and radio. Few government officials made their personal wealth public, and there was no known enforcement of the law. The government provided a subsidy for divorced women whose former husbands failed to make child support payments. Temporary Protection: The law does not address formal temporary protection, but authorities provided informal, temporary protection to groups such as Syrians and Malians. Recent Elections: Presidential elections took place in 2014, and voters re-elected President Bouteflika for a fourth term. )$10,800 (2020 est. The law provides for collective bargaining by all unions, and the government permitted the exercise of this right for authorized unions. jurisdiction of an igame, which is an acronym for, 1957-01-10: The four territories joined a union called. After )forest: 0.8% (2018 est. According to his lawyers, authorities have not provided any evidence to support the charges. Religious Beliefs In AlgeriaSunni Islam. Sunni Islam in Algeria constitutes the majority of the population. Judaism. Judaism in Algeria dates back to the 14th Century when Jews migrated in large numbers into Algeria after being persecuted and driven from Spain.Protestant Christianity. Shia Islam. Religious Freedom and Tolerance in Algeria. He declared, with considerable accuracy, that Algeria was not a French province but an Arab country, a European colony, and a French camp. This attitude aroused certain hopes among Algerians, but they were destroyed by the emperors downfall in 1870. Lawyers reported that authorities usually carried out procedures for warrants and summonses properly. Newspapers reported that the government restricted foreign tourists from traveling through trails in Tassili and Hoggar, as well as certain areas in and around Tamanrasset, due to security concerns. Paris: ditions Fernand Lanore, 1984. By law, the age for consensual sex is 16. Some media figures alleged the government used its control over most printing houses and large amounts of public sector advertising preferentially, and that the lack of clear regulations over these practices permitted it to exert undue influence on press outlets. Appeals may be made to the ministry, with no independent or judicial review provided for in the decree. Algeria, officially known as the Peoples Republic of Algeria, is a sovereign North Africa nation along the Mediterranean coast. The committee brought together various government and civil society actors to discuss implementation of the national strategy to combat HIV/AIDS. While the government tolerated their operations in the past, the Ministry of Communication said in 2016 it would limit the number of private satellite channels to 13 and foreign-based unaccredited television outlets would be shut down. )male: 41.3% (2020 est. The law prohibits all forms of forced or compulsory labor. The constitution provides for the protection of a persons honor and private life, including the privacy of home, communication, and correspondence. )female: 0.7% (2020 est. )subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 104 (2020 est. In September the Ministry of Communication stated there were 268 accredited written publications. In February the Ministry for National Solidarity, Family, and Women and UN Women launched an administrative database, named AMANE, to collect information on violence against women. Sexual Exploitation of Children: The law prohibits solicitation for prostitution and stipulates prison sentences of between 10 and 20 years when the offense is committed against a minor under age 18. Members of the LGBTI community reported that forced marriage was a problem, particularly for lesbian women. 1960-12-03: Six new arrondissements created in Oasis department; two new arrondissements created in Saoura department. The law states that decisions reached in mediation are binding on both parties. The departments were subdivided The population of the province, which has an area of 1,102 square kilometers, is 1,002,937 according to 2008 data. Police may make arrests without a warrant if they witness the offense. Many Algerians legally entered Tunisia without visas claiming to be tourists and then stayed as workers. To found a union, an applicant must be Algerian by birth or have held Algerian nationality for 10 years. Construction workers and domestic workers were reportedly vulnerable. ), total: 0.59 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. The law criminalizing speech about security force conduct during the internal conflict of the 1990s remained in place, although the government said there had never been an arrest or prosecution under the law. ), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 81.4%male: 87.4%female: 75.3% (2018), total: 31.9%male: 27.8%female: 54% (2021 est. The government said that a drop in aid from international donors led to worsening conditions for Sahrawi refugees, and that it had increased its own contributions as a result. There were no reports of disappearances by or on behalf of government authorities. )$471.223 billion (2020 est. The parliament approved their creation about 2003. The ministry has not confirmed receipt of fine payment. Should the detention be overturned, the defendant has the right to request compensation. alterations - were consolidated into a unit called Territoires du Sud. The government said it did not take measures to specifically prevent and treat HIV/AIDS in the LGBTI community. If workers face such conditions, they may renegotiate their contract or, failing that, resort to the courts. )-$16.954 billion (2019 est.). Corruption: The criminal code stipulates that only the board of directors of the institution concerned may initiate charges related to theft, embezzlement, or loss of public and private funds against senior, public sector economic managers. Critics of the law asserted that by permitting only senior officials of state businesses to initiate investigations, the law protects high-level government corruption and promotes impunity. The Ministry of Labor audited 218 organizations and found that 89 companies did not respect the 1-percent quota. WebThe province of Blida is located in the north of Algeria. Defendants have the right to be present during their trial but may be tried in absentia if they do not respond to a summons ordering their appearance. )government consumption: 20.2% (2017 est. According to the decree, importers must submit to the ministry the title, authors name, editors name, edition, year, International Standard Book Number, and number of copies to be imported. Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) reported during the year that following suppression of public activities in years past, they no longer hold events outside of private locations. Also see the Department of StatesTrafficking in Persons Reportatwww.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt/. 134, the departments united the civil and military territories, strengthening the ), 2.902 million ALGIERS (capital), 936,000 Oran (2022), at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female0-14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female15-24 years: 1.05 male(s)/female25-54 years: 1.03 male(s)/female55-64 years: 1 male(s)/female65 years and over: 0.75 male(s)/femaletotal population: 1.03 male(s)/female (2022 est. )consumption: 66.646 billion kWh (2019 est. Many schools lacked teachers trained to work with children with disabilities, threatening the viability of efforts to mainstream children with disabilities into public schools. ), 112 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est. Office of the U.S. The constitution provides workers with the right to join and form unions of their choice, provided they are citizens. ), Algerian dinars (DZD) per US dollar -135.064 (2021 est. The government did not adequately enforce the law, since discrimination reportedly existed, specifically against migrant workers in the informal economy who lacked a legal means to address unfair working conditions. The governments National AIDS Committee met twice during the year. Each province was further subdivided into three territories. According to UNHCR, the government did not accept UNHCR-determined refugee status for individuals. The clause stipulates that if the victim forgives his or her aggressor, any legal action ceases. Authorities have been holding journalist, Said Chitour, in pretrial detention since June 2017 without trial. The first two digits are the same as the two-digit ISO by | May 25, 2022 | camden county ga school schedule | cindy deangelis grossman pictures | May 25, 2022 | [6] The Statesman's Year-Book 1981-82. )services: 47.4% (2017 est. 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