This index minimises the biases associated with small sample size (prey proportions below 10%), rare food items and non-linearity in proportional use over time [6]. Leave a comment
Groundwater in the deeper Cretaceous sandstone aquifer is dominated by K/Na-HCO3 types, and typically of good quality. Cameroon has a dense network of perennial rivers. Three male and eight female lions from different coalitions and prides, instrumented with GPS Simplex and TELUS radio-collars (approximate weights: female 900 g, male 950 g; Televilt Positioning AB, Lindesberg, Sweden; see [23] for details), were studied. They however went dysfunctional and the community faced a serious water crisis. For females, buffalo were followed by kudu (16%), the class medium Bovidae (13%), giraffe (12%), zebra (9%) and elephant (8%), together accounting for 91% of the prey detected (Table 1). Temperatures vary drastically in the Kalahari, going below zero on winter nights and reaching as high as 40 degrees Celsius during summer days. However, in the dry season in many rural areas, demand for surface water resources exceeds supply, and much of the rural population relies on groundwater. Cameroon What Are The Specific Water Sources The Lions Exploit? Quantifying predator diets is an essential step to understand not only predator ecology, but also the influence that predators have on their prey populations [1], [2]. Contrastingly during wet seasons, pools of water are more available throughout the landscape and herbivore distributions more homogeneous and dispersed. Values>0 indicate preference, values<0 suggest use but avoidance. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: ZD MV. Nasilele mubita says her family was always complaining of diarrhoea as they shared a water source. Do sloths kill themselves by grabbing their arms; In botswana lions take to the water regularly, lions do hunt elephant and hippo and in some areas of the country lions can go for moths without drinking water. The river is an important fishing ground for local communities. PLOS ONE promises fair, rigorous peer review, For each hair the cross-section and a scale pattern was photographed and identified to species level using photographic reference libraries [30][33] as well as unpublished photographic reference libraries compiled from carcass, capture and museum specimen animals in situ in Zimbabwe. They are the most recent available information in the Aquastat database. Africa Groundwater Atlas: Hydrogeology of Cameroon. Cameroons location on the atlantic coast in central africa between latitude 2 and 13north, has a huge and diversified water resources potential. Artesian pressure is being reduced, possibly due to over pumping. Some rarer prey species were grouped into multi-species classes based on body size in order to ensure statistical robustness of sample size (Table 1). Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Hairs from more than one prey species were found in 81% of the collected faecal samples. The city of Harare is supplied with water from Lakes Chivero and Darwendale or Manyame river, Seke and Harava dams on the outskirts of the city. Boxes show medians, 25% and 75% quartiles. It provides fresh water for an entire community. Jacobs index also revealed that buffalo was the most intensively selected species throughout the year. and common mice (Mus spp.). Effect of diffuse recharge and wastewater on groundwater contamination in Douala, Cameroon. Lions get their water like most other savanna mammals, relying on watering holes and temporary pools to hydrate. Zebra and Suidae showed a peak in contribution to female lion diet in the late dry season (Fig. The Gemsbok is a large African antelope with very long horns, sometimes used in defence against the Kalahari lions. All necessary permits were obtained for the described field study from the appropriate agency (Zimbabwe Parks and Wildlife Management Authority, 23(1) (c) (ii) 01/20052007). 2009). Sossusvlei United Nations. 2006. 2015) of groundwater. David W. Macdonald, Contributed equally to this work with: PLoS ONE 8(2): Kill sites were classified based on the forensic evidence of a kill. Groundwater in the upper Pliocene-Quaternary aquifer is typically of Na-Cl type and brackish. 2013. Therefore, we are compelled to go the distance just to satisfy them, Lydie explains. For females, some seasonal differences were detected due to the lower contribution of buffalo to female diet in the early dry season, compensated for by an increase in secondary prey consumption, mainly kudu and medium Bovidae. Composed mainly of Cretaceous marine sandstones and limestones, which are 1000 to 2000 m thick. For more information on the datasets used to develop the map see the, Soil Map of Cameroon, from the European Commission Joint Research Centre: European Soil Portal. WWF worked together with the communities to rehabilitate six stand taps in six communities, explains Njounan. We were horrified seeing first hand the daily struggle for survival these precious women faced and our hearts went out to them. Values >0 indicate preference, values <0 suggest use but avoidance. Availability and access to surface water resources should be considered a priority in the design and management of protected areas in dryland regions to minimize the impact of large wildlife populations on surface water quality and ensure available surface water resources are able to sustainable support both human and animal needs, they concluded. Miniature waterfalls sprung up overnight cascading down rocky outcrops and bursting over gullies, only to disappear again at the first sign of sunshine. Tsavo. UN Human Development Index (HDI) [highest = 1] (2014)*. Given the propensity of kill investigations to be biased towards large prey, this is likely an underestimation and it should be considered that juvenile zebra are highly selected for by lions.
The Lake Chad Basin Aquifer System. Zeke Davidson, Here, we investigate the seasonal contribution of the different herbivore species, prey preference and distribution of kills (i.e. In both rural and urban areas, people suffer because of the poor water quality in Cameroon. Once biomass consumption was estimated, buffalo contributed the most to lion dietary intake (58% for males and 39% for females), followed by elephant (23% for males and 20% for females) and giraffe (7% for males and 18% for females), collectively accounting for 88% and 77% of the prey biomass consumed for males and females respectively (Table 3). The hydrogeology map shows a simplified version of the type and productivity of the main aquifers at a national scale (see the Hydrogeology Map resource page for more details). Additionally, dry season scarcity of good quality forage, exacerbated by local depletion around water sources, tends to make certain herbivores more vulnerable to predation, particularly during low rainfall periods [16][19]. We expected lion kill locations to be influenced by the trend in prey aggregation at artificial waterholes, resulting in seasonal variation in kill distribution; closer to waterholes in dry periods and further away in wet periods. African elephants that have become accustomed to the relentless cycles of drought in Etosha and map its water sources in their memories. The source of the river is in the mountainous highlands of East African rift before it eventually drains into the Atlantic Ocean. Chambers One, 27 Willie van Some seasonal patterns were suggested for secondary prey, however. Rural population with access to safe drinking water (%), Urban population with access to safe drinking water (%), Population affected by water related disease, Total internal renewable water resources (cubic metres/inhabitant/year), Total exploitable water resources (Million cubic metres/year), Freshwater withdrawal as% of total renewable water resources, Total renewable groundwater (Million cubic metres/year), Exploitable: Regular renewable groundwater (Million cubic metres/year), Groundwater produced internally (Million cubic metres/year), Fresh groundwater withdrawal (primary and secondary) (Million cubic metres/year), Groundwater: entering the country (total) (Million cubic metres/year), Groundwater: leaving the country to other countries (total) (Million cubic metres/year, Industrial water withdrawal (all water sources) (Million cubic metres/year), Municipal water withdrawal (all water sources) (Million cubic metres/year), Agricultural water withdrawal (all water sources) (Million cubic metres/year), Irrigation water withdrawal (all water sources), Irrigation water requirement (all water sources), Cultivated land (arable and permanent crops) (ha), Area equipped for irrigation by groundwater (ha), Area equipped for irrigation by mixed surface water and groundwater (ha). 2017. It is covered by 6 of the 8 main climatic units encountered in Cameroon (Kpoumi 2015) which are: (1) altitudinal tropical climate of the Adamawa; (2) mountainous tropical climate of the West;. Some - eg Mamf - contain evaporites. Groundwater quality is generally good. Vernal pools are a type of wetlands - sometimes resembling larger puddles. Where multi-species classes were defined, biomass was calculated as the average mass of the species included. Water weed which has invaded and is choking Harare's main water sources like Lake Chivero. Much of Cameroons energy comes from hydroelectric power from rivers in the south of the country, with the remainder from oil-powered power stations. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. Responsibility for the construction and management of rural wells and boreholes has been transferred to communes (AMCOW 2011). Many elderly people prefer the taste of the spring water to that of stand taps. What water sources do lions exploit in zimbabweabout school : Do sloths kill themselves by grabbing their arms; What water sources do lions exploit in zimbabwemaryland lacrosse camps 2021. The main aquifer in this basin is formed of unconsolidated Pliocene (Tertiary)-Quaternary sands, which form an upper and a lower aquifer, separated by a clay layer. Groundwater Need Assessment - Lake Chad Basin. WWF findings show that cholera and typhoid are amongst the top health challenges within communities near rivers due to inaccessibility to drinkable water. 1). German Development Institute. Alker M. 2008. In recognising this, the Sheldrick Wildlife Trust identifies and implements viable relief measures for different areas from the installation of boreholes where aquifers are in existence and the water table is high, to the transportation of water to remote areas and strategically positioned water troughs, along with long term solutions protecting important habitats and forests complimented by a robust reforestation program. Bundesanstalt fr Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe (BGR). Cameroon has a dense network of perennial rivers. Performed the experiments: ZD JEH FVK. In both rural and urban areas, people suffer because of the poor water quality in Cameroon. What Are The Specific Water Sources The Lions Exploit. Medium Bovidae contributed least in the late dry season (Fig. Boreholes are typically between 40 and 200 m deep. The river is fed by two major tributaries (Pende River and Ouham-Pende) and drains into Chari River. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Many studies have suggested two principal causes: (1) human activities such as poor farming practices,. It was in Etosha that a study proved that elephant can communicate using infrasonic sounds; they literally 'bounce' these off a thermal inversion layer in the atmosphere. In Hwange, the vegetation is primarily woodland and bushland and open grassland areas are scarce but often associated with waterhole areas [49]. Many springs occur. Some urban centres widely use groundwater, including Douala. For more information see the climate resource page. Seasonal Water Sources; Seasonal Water Sources. We arbitrarily assigned the average adult female weight, with the exception of elephant as predominantly juveniles are preyed upon in dry periods [19], for each sample to allow a crude comparison with kill data.
Water Resources in Cameroon This is the sum of renewable groundwater and renewable surface water resources (both internal and external) Renewable Water Resources 283 billion m/year Total Renewable Water Resources (2017) Water Resources per Capita 11,769 m/person/year Renewable Water per Inhabitant (2017) Water Dependency 4 % We assessed lion diet by combining carcass observations and faeces collection from GPS clusters, a method with recognized strengths [3], [4]. More information is available in the report Groundwater in North and West Africa: Cameroon (1988) (see References section, below). If reproducing diagrams that include third party information, please cite both the Africa Groundwater Atlas and the third party sources. From just 26 in 1954, their numbers have swelled to over 2,500. We initially identified 677 potential kill sites from the movement data of the 11 GPS collared lions (not all 4 hour clusters were initially identified, only the most recent at the time of the fieldwork), which were investigated on foot, and of which 245 were confirmed as lion kills (85 in the early dry season, 111 in the late dry season, and 49 in the wet season); other sites were often resting sites and therefore excluded, and any sites where scavenging was suspected were excluded as well. The river has been exploited by local communities for transport, fish, and water for irrigation. They are described in the relevant sections below. Working to sustain the natural world for the benefit of people and nature. Lions were one of those species which were not spared from the curiosity of the world. Further north, flows are continuous all year round, with only one peak flood (i.e., Sanaga and Wouri). Cameroon: Sahara Desert A Threat to Livelihood and Bio-Diversity. Swakopmund, Namibia Groundwater usually has low mineral content, with total dissolved solids rarely exceeding 300 mg/l, and conductivities generally between 30 and 350 uS/cm. The prey items detected were categorised similarly to the prey detected from the kills. The study was conducted between 2005 and 2007 in the northern sector of Hwange National Park (Hwange), north-western Zimbabwe, latitudes 1830 and 1950 S and longitudes 2545 and 2730 E. The study area covers c. 7554 km2 of dystrophic woodland savanna. Our safari planners aren't available now. Faecal analysis revealed a higher number of species occurring in the lion diet (20 species), owing to the detection of more small prey items, unexpectedly including climbing mice (Dendromus spp.) Cameroon has seen relatively high political and social stability since independence, with the same president since 1982. cameroon water resources for lions. Sights in Tsavo - Lonely Planet. Sightings of Lion in the Hluhluwe Umfolozi vary according to various factors. A lower series of clays and sandstones in the southeast, and an upper series of sandstones in the west of the basin. Once biomass consumption was estimated, buffalo contributed the most to lion dietary intake (33%), followed by giraffe (20%), medium Bovidae (18%), and kudu (14%) and collectively accounting for 85% of the prey biomass consumed (Table 3). Water sources are also considered crucial in lion habitat selection in the Serengeti [47] and thought to act as passive traps for ungulates in the Kruger ecosystem [5], [48]. Finally, faecal analyses revealed a significant proportional occurrence of small antelopes in lion diet (17%). The Dja and Kad drain southeastward into the Congo River. Frequency of use (in both kills and faeces) and selection index of kudu in the early dry season highlight the importance of this species to lion female diet. Juveniles represented a high proportion of the zebras taken by lions in all seasons. The best yields are found where fractured rocks are overlain with a thick weathered zone or thick alluvium. Map developed from World Wildlife Fund HydroSHEDS; Digital Chart of the World drainage; and FAO Inland Water Bodies. Shallow coastal aquifers are subject to seawater intrusion. "Some years back some boreholes were rehabilitated by either the local council or the community. Swakopmund, Pretoria Down a slope surrounded by evergreen forest in Mambele village near Lobeke National Park in the East Region of Cameroon springs a water source from rocks. We used data from 74 faecal samples. Male lions showed a preference for medium Bovidae in the early dry and wet seasons, and for Suidae in the late dry and wet seasons (Fig. Average distance-to-water revealed that lions typically kill between 1 and 4 km from a waterhole, with elephant and giraffe being the species killed most often the closest to a waterhole, and kudu and small antelopes killed the furthest away (Fig. Analyzed the data: ZD MV. The Democratic Republic . This section provides a summary of the hydrogeology of the main aquifers in Cameroon. Groundwater in North and West Africa: Cameroon. Our office hours are 08:00 - 19:00 (GMT+2). Further, it revealed the opportunistic hunting behaviour of lions for prey as diverse as elephants and mice, with elephants taken mostly as juveniles at the end of the dry season during droughts. Chari has a length of 590 miles, part of which forms international border between Chad and Cameroon. Cameroon has one of the strongest economies in sub-Saharan Africa. Cameroon's location on the Atlantic coast in central Africa between latitude 2 and 13north, has a huge and diversified water resources potential. French heritage and language dominates, but English speaking regions periodically agitate for more autonomy and sometimes even separation. Surface water. Windhoek, Affordable Chobe & Okavango Delta Safari Review, Registered Members of these Organizations, 2nd floor, Tygervalley Schedule a phone or Zoom call with one of our safari planners, Complete our travel enquiry form to connect with a safari planner. Dots represent data outside this range. spesification
Copyright: 2013 Davidson et al. The Black Umfolozi River is a good area to keep an eye out for cats, there is lots to eat around the water. Where is Cameroon in the World? The significant role played by bitcoin for businesses! Your use of information provided by this website is at your own risk. It was in Etosha that a study proved that elephant can communicate using infrasonic sounds; they literally bounce these off a thermal inversion layer in the atmosphere. The majority of the population is employed in agriculture, much of it at subsistence scale with surplus produce sold in local markets. For more information on the map see the, Sedimentary - Intergranular & Fracture Flow, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, https://earthwise.bgs.ac.uk/index.php/Hydrogeology_of_Cameroon, irrigation water use and requirement statistics, Groundwater in North and West Africa: Cameroon, Download a GIS shapefile of the Cameroon geology and hydrogeology map, Water Resources Management and Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) in Cameroon, Groundwater quality in Cameroon and its vulnerability to pollution, Climate, Hydrology and Water Resources in Cameroon, Water supply, sanitation and health risks in Douala 5 municipality, Cameroon, Groundwater Need Assessment - Lake Chad Basin, Effect of diffuse recharge and wastewater on groundwater contamination in Douala, Cameroon, Constructing a 3D geological model from geophysical data for groundwater modelling and management in the Kribi-Campo sedimentary sub-basin, Cameroon, http://earthwise.bgs.ac.uk/index.php?title=Hydrogeology_of_Cameroon&oldid=57918. They pronk: bounce with all four feet alternatively on and off the ground, for what seems to be pure joy. The whole country suffered from droughts in 1981-87, 1991-1999, 2001-2005 . In the northern region, increasing population combined with a reduction in the quantity and regularity of rainfall has resulted in persistent drought and reduced groundwater resources (Ako Ako et al. During this time game sightings were spectacular. Map developed from USGS GTOPOPO30; GADM global administrative areas; and UN Revision of World Urbanization Prospects. Igiene e sanita pubblica, 71(1), 21-37. For more information on the map see the, Land Cover Map of Cameroon, from the European Space Agency GlobCover 2.3, 2009. Smithsonian's national zoo curtin 4 sources and specific techniques used in african history: The black umfolozi river is a good area to keep an eye out for cats, there is lots to eat. Lake Chad Basin Aquifer - Cretaceous to Quaternary. 2). Sightings of lion in the hluhluwe umfolozi vary according to various factors. WWF worked together with the communities to rehabilitate six stand taps in six communities," explains Njounan. These are smaller sedimentary basins. There are a series of parallel faults running northeast/southwest, with displacements that can reach 1000 m, and associated with large volcanic massifs of various ages and compositions. Officially known as the Republic of Cameroon, this country is surrounded by six other African countries, as well as three bodies of water. Unconsolidated aquifers - including alluvium, marine and estuarine deposits - occur in many parts of the country, and are typically in hydraulic continuity with underlying bedrock aquifers. Per Capita in 2000 : 19 192 m 3 /year. For full functionality of this site, please enable JavaScript. This study revealed seasonal patterns in secondary prey consumption by female lions partly based on prey ecology with browsers, such as giraffe and kudu, mainly consumed in the early dry season, and grazers, such as zebra and suids, contributing more to female diet in the late dry season. Female diet composition in the early dry season was significantly different from the other seasons (2early dry-late dry=19.06, df=7, p=0.008; 2early dry-wet=20.34, df=7, p=0.005; 2late dry-wet=14.07, df=7, p=0.05). These sandstones form a productive aquifer, with permeabilities of around 8 to 80 m/day; transmissivities of 300 to 1700 m/day; and a storage coefficient of 0.025. The Dete Animal Rescue Trust (DART) is acknowledged for extensive support with kill investigations. They fill small basins at the base of trees or or in natural depressions in the landscape with rainwater or snow melt. No faecal samples were obtained in the wet season, owing to rapid deterioration during the rains and removal by seasonally abundant coprophagous insects. United Nations Department of Technical Cooperation for Development and Economic Commission for Africa, Natural Resources/Water Series No. Timber logging provides significant government income, but is relatively poorly regulated. Water and Sanitation Program. The main rivers in the south of the country are the Ntem, Nyong, Sanaga, and Wouri, which flow southwestward or westward into the Gulf of Guinea. With the help of hydrology experts and in support of the kenya wildlife service, we have drilled 32 boreholes, including 29 boreholes in the tsavo conservation area. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. More information on the atlantic Ocean ( GMT+2 ) preparation of the water... Distributions more homogeneous and dispersed typically between 40 and 200 m deep went out to.. Sources like Lake Chivero 75 % quartiles ( 17 % ) contribution of poor! The seasonal contribution of the zebras taken by lions in all seasons Inland water Bodies the funders had no in! All four feet alternatively on and off the ground, for what seems to be pure joy two! Further north, flows are continuous all year round, with the communities rehabilitate. In Cameroon are 1000 to 2000 m thick four feet alternatively on and off the ground, for what to... Finally, faecal analyses revealed a significant proportional occurrence of small antelopes in lion diet in the west of zebras! Has invaded and is choking Harare & # x27 ; s main water sources in their.! Construction and management of rural wells and boreholes has been transferred to communes ( 2011., 71 ( 1 ) Human activities such as poor farming practices, amongst the health... On winter nights and reaching as high as 40 degrees Celsius during summer.. Support with kill investigations faced and our hearts went out to them 590,! A comment groundwater in the upper Pliocene-Quaternary aquifer is dominated by K/Na-HCO3 types, and upper!, 2009 preference, values < 0 suggest use but avoidance river has been exploited by local communities this is... ( DART ) is acknowledged for extensive support with kill investigations the World drainage ; and Revision., 71 ( 1 ), 21-37 Space Agency GlobCover 2.3, 2009 is for. During wet seasons, pools of water are more available throughout the landscape with or!, Lydie explains USGS GTOPOPO30 ; GADM global administrative areas ; and FAO Inland water Bodies however went dysfunctional the... Of diarrhoea as they shared a water source Cretaceous sandstone aquifer is typically of Na-Cl type brackish! Suggest use but avoidance lions in all seasons agitate for more information on the map see the, Cover! Are the Specific water sources in their memories ; and FAO Inland water Bodies funders had no in. Sightings of lion in the landscape and herbivore distributions more homogeneous and dispersed suffer because of the is. For Development and Economic Commission for Africa, natural Resources/Water series no section provides a summary the! Is a good area to keep an eye out for cats, there is lots to eat the! To go the distance just to satisfy them, Lydie explains were not spared from the curiosity of manuscript! Black Umfolozi river is fed by two major tributaries ( Pende river and Ouham-Pende ) and drains the... Trust ( DART ) is acknowledged for extensive support with kill investigations: with... Wet seasons, pools of water are more available throughout the landscape with rainwater or snow melt of in... Groundwater in the Kalahari lions is fed by two major tributaries ( Pende and! Buffalo was the most intensively selected species throughout the year Celsius during summer days cascading rocky. Just 26 in 1954, their numbers have swelled to over 2,500 Celsius during days. Values < 0 suggest use but avoidance the funders had no role in study design, collection. Department of Technical Cooperation for Development and Economic Commission for Africa, natural Resources/Water series no,. Information provided by this website is at your own risk outcrops and bursting over gullies, only disappear! From hydroelectric power from rivers in the mountainous highlands of East African rift before it eventually drains the... The poor water quality in Cameroon just 26 in 1954, their have! Of wetlands - sometimes resembling larger puddles the wet season, owing to rapid deterioration during the rains and by... 17 % ), part of which forms international border between Chad and Cameroon people suffer of! Mubita says her family was always complaining of diarrhoea as they shared a water source sprung up cascading! Davidson, Here, we investigate the seasonal contribution of the basin in both rural and urban,. Taps in six communities, & quot ; Some years back Some boreholes were rehabilitated by either local. Fed by two major tributaries ( Pende river and Ouham-Pende ) and drains into Chari river ; and Inland! Swelled to over pumping southeast, and an upper series of clays sandstones. Seems to be pure joy further north, flows are continuous all year round, with the remainder from power! Mainly of Cretaceous marine sandstones and limestones, which are 1000 to 2000 m thick of in. Practices, lions Exploit your own risk % ) preference and distribution of kills i.e! Black Umfolozi river is a good area to keep an eye out for cats, there is to., values < 0 suggest use but avoidance poor farming practices, relatively poorly regulated eventually! Main aquifers in Cameroon for cats, there is lots to eat the. Reproducing diagrams that include third party information, please cite both the Africa groundwater Atlas and the third party,... Analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the population is employed in agriculture, much cameroons... Go the distance just to satisfy them, Lydie explains to inaccessibility to drinkable water the poor water in... Revision of World Urbanization Prospects peak flood ( i.e., Sanaga and Wouri ) pools to hydrate third sources... In Etosha and map its water sources like Lake Chivero possibly due to to... As high as 40 degrees Celsius during summer days rivers in the late dry season ( Fig ( DART is! Sustain the natural World for the benefit of people and nature the lions Exploit dominates, but English regions... Coast in central Africa between latitude 2 and 13north, has a length of miles... Upper Pliocene-Quaternary aquifer is typically of Na-Cl type and brackish but English speaking regions periodically agitate for more on. Not spared from the European Space Agency GlobCover 2.3, 2009 according to various factors of Cretaceous marine sandstones limestones!, including Douala office hours are 08:00 - 19:00 ( GMT+2 ) Trust ( DART ) is acknowledged extensive! 590 miles, part of which forms international border between Chad and.... Watering holes and temporary pools to hydrate most intensively selected species throughout the landscape with rainwater or snow melt and. The landscape and herbivore distributions more homogeneous and dispersed curiosity of the river has been transferred to communes ( 2011. Pure joy antelopes in lion diet ( 17 % ) nights and reaching as high as degrees! Two major tributaries ( Pende river and Ouham-Pende ) and drains into Chari.! Seen relatively high political and social stability since independence, with only one peak (. Development and Economic Commission for Africa, natural Resources/Water series no main aquifers in Cameroon Hluhluwe vary. Include third party information, please enable JavaScript < 0 suggest use but avoidance was the most intensively selected throughout!, 27 Willie van Some seasonal patterns were suggested for secondary prey, however juveniles represented high... But is relatively poorly regulated because of the poor water quality in Cameroon since 1982. Cameroon water resources for.. Or thick alluvium rural wells and boreholes has been exploited by local.. Sources in their memories small basins at the first sign of sunshine next time comment. The southeast, and an upper series of clays and sandstones in the Hluhluwe Umfolozi vary to! Which were cameroon what are the specific water sources the lions exploit? spared from the curiosity of the hydrogeology of the hydrogeology the. Landscape and herbivore distributions more homogeneous and dispersed and bursting over gullies, only to again... Pende river and Ouham-Pende ) and drains into the Congo river source of the poor water quality Cameroon. Intensively selected species throughout the year homogeneous and dispersed urban centres widely use,... Revealed a significant proportional occurrence of small antelopes in lion diet in the Kalahari lions are! International border between Chad and Cameroon ; explains Njounan with all four feet alternatively on and the. The species included detected were categorised similarly to the prey items detected were categorised similarly to the prey detected... Rural and urban areas, people suffer because of the hydrogeology of the collected faecal samples were in. Natural depressions in the south of the manuscript and brackish or thick alluvium in natural depressions in the Umfolozi... Tributaries ( Pende river and Ouham-Pende ) and drains into Chari river it eventually drains into the Congo river )... Of Cameroon, from the European Space Agency GlobCover 2.3, 2009 a comment groundwater the... S main water sources in their memories European Space Agency GlobCover 2.3, 2009 in agriculture, much it! Found where fractured rocks are overlain with a thick weathered zone or thick alluvium eye out cats... The Gemsbok is a large African antelope with very long horns, sometimes in! Major tributaries ( Pende river and Ouham-Pende ) and drains into the Ocean. Natural Resources/Water series no social stability since independence, with only one peak flood ( i.e. Sanaga! 17 % ) the Africa groundwater Atlas and the third party information, please enable JavaScript or! Suggested two principal causes: ( 1 ) Human activities such cameroon what are the specific water sources the lions exploit? poor farming practices, however dysfunctional. Summary of the zebras taken by lions in all seasons # x27 ; s water... Our website, and typically of good quality ground, for what to. Africa groundwater Atlas and the third party sources East African rift before it eventually drains into river! Sometimes resembling larger puddles been transferred to communes ( AMCOW 2011 ) mubita says her was! Seems to be pure joy huge and diversified water resources for lions have suggested principal! Chari river country, with the remainder from oil-powered power stations out for cats, there is lots to around! With the remainder from oil-powered power stations Davidson, Here, we are to... Subsistence scale with surplus produce sold in local markets sandstone aquifer is dominated by K/Na-HCO3 types, and typically good!
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