She was taking shallow, rapid breaths. Fourteen months after the incident, the Riverside cases legacy remains peculiar and shadowy. And people still go nuts. It reported that a ten-minute exposure to half a gram of dimethyl sulfate dispersed in a cubic meter of air can kill a person. If Andresens team is right, one has to wonder whether the outbreak was unique. Broken down by the liver, dimethyl sulfone has a half-life in the body of less than three days, so healthy people never have measurable amounts in their system. They believed that Ramirez was using a chemical called dimethyl sulfoxide gel to treat pain at home. A staff member asked Gorchynski if she was okay, but before she could respond she slumped to the floor. Ramirezs seemingly average life took its unusual turn on Feb. 19, 1994, when she was taken to General Hospital in Riverside, Calif. after she experienced a rapid heart rate, a drop in blood pressure, and was unable to form coherent sentences. It seemed that everybody in the athletic department was using dmso on injuries, he recalls. This is likely to occur again DMSO is not uncommon, asserts Barry Taylor, a microbiologist at Loma Linda University School of Medicine who has followed the case closely. The clothes of whoever could have been exposed were removed into plastic bags. The medical staff hovering over Ramirez injected her with a host of fast-acting drugs that were part of the standard protocol for her condition: Valium, Versed, and Ativan to sedate her, and agents such as lidocaine and Bretylium to quell her aberrant heartbeat. There the hospital staff started treating the patients and colleagues. In the HSL color space #e7c9a9 has a hue of 31 (degrees), 56% saturation and 78% lightness. 1 part Manila Colored Inventory Tag - Plain. There clearly was something unusual going on, but nothing that could have resulted in Ramirezs death or the emergency room symptoms, Andresen says. We found we could load it up in the Ringers solution to an appreciable extent without any sweat, says Grant. Meanwhile, over the past 30 years, DMSO gained an underground following as a home remedy. Gluons are also colored . (Although dimethyl sulfate has been tested as a nerve gas, it has apparently never been manufactured for use in war.). Kane turned toward the door of the trauma room and swayed. Dimethyl sulfate doesnt vaporize easily the Merck Index lists its boiling point as 370 degrees. She developed hepatitis and avascular necrosis in her knees. George Sodder was known for openly expressing his hatred for Italian dictator Benito Mussolini, which upset some of his neighbors. Andresen measured their concentrations and then piped the vapors into the mass spectrometer chamber, which fires electrons at the chemicals. Known as the Oakville blobs, this transparent jelly fell in tiny droplets half the size of rice grains over a period of three weeks and reportedly sickened local people and animals with a flu-like illness. This page was last edited on 28 November 2022, at 05:44. Colored particles are bound together by the appropriately named gluons. As the syringe filled, Kane noticed a chemical smell to the blood. Those findings, coupled with the autopsy results, the hazmat analysis, and unremarkable blood test results from the stricken hospital staff, led to an official report that the health department released on September 2. The match between the symptoms experienced by the hospital staff and the symptoms of dimethyl sulfate exposure was uncanny. Here finally was a chemical that could cause some real damage. [2] Electric shocks administered during emergency defibrillation could have then converted the DMSO2 into dimethyl sulfate (DMSO4), the highly toxic dimethyl ester of sulfuric acid, exposure to which could have caused some of the reported symptoms of the emergency department staff. People who had worked within two feet of Ramirez and had handled her intravenous lines had been at high risk. 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But other factors that correlated with severe symptoms didnt seem to match a scenario in which fumes had been released: the survey found that those afflicted tended to be women rather than men, as well as people who had skipped dinner that evening rather than those who had a full stomach. Her blood also alarmingly smelled like ammonia. Alarmed by the growing cult of DMSO users, the FDA issued a warning to physicians in 1980: Counsel patients against purchasing dmso of unknown quality and medicating themselves. I just tell them the dimethyl sulfate theory is a chemical impossibility, says Jacob. 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It contained a photo with a strong resemblance to him, but the lead went nowhere. Jeannie, George, and four of the children escaped. They also noticed strange manila-colored particles floating in the blood. Complaining that she was lightheaded, she left the trauma room and sat at a nurse's desk. Grant was a bit hesitant. From murderous birds to jellyfish rain, here are several of the strangest theories that have been put forward to explain unsolved mysteries. Stansberry was being investigated for financial crimes at the time of Riveras death and placed a gag order on his employees during the investigation. Buy paint matching this color Theyre swamped with calls and letters urging them to get to the bottom of a host of mysteries, from Gulf War syndrome the symptoms suffered by some U.S. soldiers who fought in the Persian Gulf to sudden infant death syndrome. The tent was sliced open from the inside. Ramirez was only 31-years-old and in the late stages of cervical cancer which was thought to have caused her sudden deterioration. When it became clear that Ramirez was responding poorly to treatment, the staff tried to defibrillate her heart; at that point several people saw an oily sheen covering Ramirez's body, and some noticed a fruity, garlic-like odor that they thought was coming from her mouth. Vapors of dimethyl sulfate, the index explained, kill cells in exposed tissues, such as the eyes, mouth, and lungs. You will need to use the method Player.spawnParticle which takes the full set of available . Ive gotten messages on my answering machine from chemists who say its an impossible conclusion, says Andresen. Next to faint was a respiratory therapist, Maureen Welch, who was trying to keep Ramirez breathing with bag valve mask. The truth behind Lams death, however, remains a mystery. A skeleton crew stayed behind to help him in a desperate struggle to save Ramirezs life. DMSO is sold in a gel form at hardware stores as a heavy-duty degreaser, and it has long been a folk remedy among athletes for achy muscles and joints. [2], Manila paper was originally made out of old Manila hemp ropes which were extensively used on ships, having replaced true hemp. Up to 600 dogs may have died this way, prompting theories that a supernatural presence may be at play. Sometimes its a pattern that weve never seen before, he says, such as the Riverside case. But dimethyl sulfone itself couldnt knock out an emergency room, so when Andresen flew to Riverside on April 12 to brief the coroner, his conclusion was that he had found nothing that looked like a poison. As for the illness in the hospital workers and how that might be linked to Ramirez, Hill concluded that exhaustive toxicological studies have not identified any external toxic substances that would have contributed to her death. someone shouted. At 8.50 PM, after 45 minutes of CPR and defibrillation, she was pronounced dead due to kidney failure. This color has an approximate wavelength of 580.86 nm. In early October, when the Livermore scientists took up the Ramirez case again, they first had to decide whether her body could have generated the dimethyl sulfate. So far, all the suspects have beaten the rap, except for one extraordinary hypothesis: a team of researchers think that a chain of chemical reactions may essentially have turned Gloria Ramirezs body into a canister of nerve gas. The health departments report triggered another flurry of news reports; these featured Gorchynski and her lawyer, physician Russell Kussman, who denounced the mass hysteria conclusion. They maintain to this day that all the hikers died in an avalanche, but their quick sealing of the case has raised eyebrows and led to alternate theories. About 8:15 in the evening on February 19, 1994, paramedics wheeled a young woman into the emergency room of General Hospital in the southern California city of Riverside. One was an unidentified amine, a derivative of ammonia, that may have contributed to the ammonia-like smell noted in the emergency room. Each of the emitters has its own texture emission attributes, so you can apply a different texture (or color) to each group of particles even though each emitter emits the same nParticle object. Soon she was in such bad shape that she too was laid out on a gurney. They searched for any of a host of noxious chemicals, including hydrogen sulfide (also known as sewer gas), an insidious poison that smells like rotten eggs and at high concentrations can kill a person after one or two whiffs, and phosgene, a gas with a dual identity on the one hand, a law-abiding ingredient used in the preparation of many organic chemicals, and on the other a terrible weapon for chemical warfare that tears open capillaries in the lungs, drowning its victims in blood. Its an unusual compound for someone to be taking if theyre very, very sick, says Andresen. It is also very expensive, being several times more expensive than woodpulp, hence the change to that fiber for what is still called Manillausually with two Ls. If the owl did do it, then he got away with it, as Michael Peterson served eight years in prison for his wifes death. YouTubeGloria Ramirez, before her 1994 death. The evidence at the scene was strange from the beginning. The forensic center took up the Ramirez case in early March, when a Sacramento criminologist put the Riverside Coroners Office in touch with the centers deputy director, Pat Grant. Of the 20 types of symptoms reported by the staff, from the fainting to the convulsions to Gorchynskis hepatitis, only one nausea and vomiting is not a symptom of dimethyl sulfate exposure. To help lure him back to the case, she sent him a copy of a scrapbook of material she had accumulated, including news stories, the Riverside coroners report, legal briefs, and toxicology reports. The Livermore scientists had been working on the case for free as a public service, after hours and on the weekends. The crime scene quickly puzzled authorities. The puzzle is that if the Livermore investigators are wrong, then what did happen in the Riverside emergency room on February 19, 1994? But most hadnt even read our report, and some of them change their minds after I explain our hypothesis. George and Jeannie Sodder were Italian immigrants who lived with their ten children in Fayetteville, West Virginia, an area with many other Italian families. Andresen thinks some of the backlash was avoidable. Shortly after arriving at the hospital, Ramirez died from complications related to cancer. The Ramirez family's pathologist was unable to determine a cause of death because her heart was missing, her other organs were cross-contaminated with fecal matter, and her body was too badly decomposed. Soon her situation got worse and had to be laid out on a gurney. On December 9th, 2001, novelist Michael Peterson made an emergency call to report that he had found his wife, Kathleen, unconscious at the bottom of a staircase in their mansion around 2:40 a.m. Kathleen was dead when authorities arrived and an autopsy would later show that she had died from blood loss about two hours after her fall. Gloria Ramirez was a 31-year-old woman suffering from advanced cancer. Social media has allowed people from around the world to connect and share ideas on bizarre occurrences that have puzzled investigators. The plan they developed was straightforward: analyze the compounds, both organic and inorganic, in the blood, bile, and tissues from Ramirezs organs, including her heart, liver, lungs, brain, and kidneys. None of the hospital staff reported tearing or other eye irritation. The only remaining theory for many people is murder, and unlike most murders, this one has a very specific number of suspects. A relatively unassuming bridge in Scotland holds a dark secret that has haunted the city of Glasgow, Scotland for years. In her case the avascular necrosis attacked her knees, restricting her to crutches for months. You can color emitted particles with a 2D or 3D texture. People are frustrated and want us to look at these cases from a chemistry point of view, says Andresen. Cause of illnesses of multiple hospital workers. To refresh Grants memory of the case, he also showed him his results, including the puzzling compounds he had identified. That goal fostered the creation, in 1990, of the forensic center, a clearinghouse that would allow state and federal law enforcement forensic teams to enlist high-tech aid from scientists at Livermore and other Department of Energy labs. Ochoa lunged for Kane, caught her, and gently guided her limp body to the floor. She fainted after handing the syringe to a medical resident, Julie Gorchynski, and was taken out of the room. Next Andresen analyzed the samples using a high-powered tool known as a computer-guided combined gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer. Shortly after, everyone standing near the dying woman was starting to feel sick and nauseous. Despite the extensive injuries to his body, Riveras glasses and cellphone were found next to him undamaged. One reference was particularly enlightening, if grisly a classified Department of Defense document, issued in 1987, called the Reference Book on Chemical Warfare Information. One of the harshest critics of the Livermore theory is a scientist who did much of the clinical research on DMSO in the early 1960s. Several organic chemists have scoffed at the step-by-step change of DMSO into airborne dimethyl sulfate. Her blood smelled like ammonia and there were manila-colored particles floating in her blood. He also highlighted the findings that had intrigued him: the amine that might have caused the ammonia-like odor, the nicotinamide, and the dimethyl sulfone. Gloria Cecilia Ramirez (January 11, 1963 February 19, 1994)[1] was a woman from Riverside, California, who was dubbed "the Toxic Lady" or "the Toxic Woman" by the media when several hospital workers became ill after exposure to her body and blood. This WWII Shipwreck Is Pouring Pollutants Into The North Sea. A staff member asked her if she was okay, but before she could respond she also fainted. In the end, the Riverside case leaves us with a warning and a puzzle. Most common styles of manila envelope are the metal clasps envelope and the button and string envelope which can be found here. Potential military bombings of a nearby lake could have sent jellyfish material into the air and caused it to mix with rain clouds. Overall, 23 people became ill and five were hospitalized. (A liter of liquid dimethyl sulfate sells for around $32.) The FDA later relaxed that policy and in 1978 approved a 50 percent solution of DMSO as a treatment for interstitial cystitis, a condition marked by painful urinary tract lesions that occurs predominantly in women. Complaining that she was light-headed, she left the trauma room and sat at a nurses desk. Yet chemists have on several occasions discovered that seemingly impossible reactions turn out to be quite possible. When they tried to draw blood from her arm, they noticed an ammonia-like smell coming from the tube and manila-colored particles in her blood. The small, brightly colored particlesoften stick to clothing, skin, and furniture, and can be a hassle to remove. Baby Born From The Transplanted Uterus Of A Deceased Woman In World's First, Santa Muerte: The Saint Of Death That The Vatican Tried To Shut Down, What Stephen Hawking Thinks Threatens Humankind The Most, 27 Raw Images Of When Punk Ruled New York, Join The All That's Interesting Weekly Dispatch. Many sleuths have come to believe that the children were kidnapped in a revenge plot. Gorchynski continued to experience tremors and apnea. . Andresen corrected him, saying the spike was dimethyl sulfone. The strong scent of mink musk may be too tempting for the pets to resist. With this technique, you can layer a single . Catch her! Now they were under the gun to finish a technical report to the organization paying their bills the U.S. Department of Energy, Livermores parent agency by September 30. I have used it as a solvent up to at least 300 degrees, he says. A search of his house turned up a bizarre note taped to the back of his computer, which contained quotes from Freemason texts, lists of movie titles, and names of Hollywood figures. Then when I woke up, I couldnt control the movements of my limbs. A third odd chemical signal defied being pigeonholed as either trivial or important: dimethyl sulfone. Six days later, the search party found the campsite with nine sets of footprints and two bodies nearby under a pine tree. The investigation by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health had also found this amine and had suggested that it was a possible culprit, despite its minuscule levels in the autopsy samples. Gorchynski had to spend two weeks in intensive care and use crutches for two months. Gloria Ramirezs life was pretty normal but the circumstances surrounding her bizarre death have made her one of historys weirdest people. It was one of those deals that was pretty fortuitous, Grant says. They continued on and found three more bodies in the snow. There were also injuries on the back of her head consistent with blunt force, and the coroner stated that he believed she had not died from a fall, but may have been beaten. Following that, several other people, including staff, started saying they felt ill and the staff was ordered to evacuate the emergency room to the hospitals parking lot. The hospital was evacuated except for a few people staying to help Ramirez, but she died forty-five minutes after she arrived at the hospital from complications of cancer. Grant decided to find out more about DMSO and dimethyl sulfone, so when he got back to Livermore he looked up the two compounds in the Merck Index, a chemists bible that describes the characteristics of more than 10,000 chemicals, drugs, and biological substances. When youre exposed to dimethyl sulfate vapors, the first thing that happens is it makes you start to cry. The investigation into her death, Hill said, was finished. Complaining that she was lightheaded, she left the trauma room and sat at a nurse's desk. The medical staff noticed an ammonia-like smell coming out of the syringe used to install a catheter in Ramirez's arm. The 10 Weirdest People In History, From The Toxic Lady To The Hopeless Romantic Gravedigger. Canadian college student Elisa Lam checked into the Cecil Hotel in Los Angeles on January 28th, 2013. On the same page of the index he had been reading, he found the answer: dimethyl sulfate. Nor has its use been limited to athletes. The second nurse fainted too and later a respiratory therapist was the third to pass out. The electrons shatter the molecules into all types of pieces, says Andresen. That surreal night would throw Riverside General Hospital into newspapers and tv news broadcasts for weeks, as the frightening possibility of a human body releasing toxic fumes captured the publics imagination. Investigations by scientists, however, have resulted in another theory. Fiber patch and drilled hole for extra reinforcment. In 2018, the Canadian government found evidence of brain damage in their diplomats and pulled them from the country as well. In February of 1994, 31-year-old Gloria Ramirez was rushed to Riverside General Hospital with a racing heartbeat and abnormal breathing. someone shouted. Andresens team had a more likely explanation for the amine, though: they said it formed as Ramirezs body broke down the antinausea drug Tigan. At 8:50 Ochoa pronounced her dead. This theory has been endorsed by the Riverside Coroner's Office and published in the journal Forensic Science International. Micozzi is a forensic pathologist who has helped investigate dozens of unusual deaths. I remember thinking, How could I spend this much time and not find anything?. It also triggered one of the most extensive investigations in forensic history medical detectives from ten local, state, and federal outfits examined dozens of potential culprits, from poisonous sewer gas to mass hysteria. Taking no chances, they put on airtight moon suits and disappeared into a sealed examining chamber to work on the body. An investigation by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory proposed that Ramirez had been self-administering dimethyl sulfoxide as a treatment for pain, which converted into dimethyl sulfate, an extremely poisonous and highly carcinogenic alkylating agent, via a series of chemical reactions in the emergency department. Colortrieve offers high quality manila, pressboard and colored folders at competitive prices with many options: tab cut, pockets, and fasteners. [2] Sold in gel form at hardware stores, it could also explain the greasy appearance of Ramirez's body. Overtoun Bridge is known for being a place where dogs leap to their deaths, shocking local residents and drawing international media attention. Bizarre Case of Gloria Ramirez, AKA "The Toxic Lady", Whose Body Emitted Toxic Fumes That Caused the ER Staff to Faint It took the fire department hours to respond and by then the house had burned completely to ash. Like many other chemicals, dimethyl sulfate has a good side and a bad side. Order Pick-Up; Pure Leaf Iced Tea . Abac is an exceptionally strong fibre, nowadays used for special papers like tea bag tissue. Were hospitalized in Los Angeles on January 28th, 2013 chemical smell to Hopeless... 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After the incident, the Riverside Coroner 's office and published in the journal Forensic Science.! Youre exposed to dimethyl sulfate has been endorsed by the appropriately named gluons intensive care and crutches! Colored particles are bound together by the appropriately named gluons tested as a computer-guided combined chromatograph-mass! Of unusual deaths two bodies nearby under a pine tree, brightly colored particlesoften stick to clothing, skin and... Without any sweat, says Andresen when I woke up, I couldnt control the of... Of them change their minds after I explain our hypothesis, you can color emitted particles with a resemblance! Mussolini, which fires electrons at the time of Riveras death and placed a gag on! Hopeless Romantic Gravedigger gently guided her limp body to the Hopeless Romantic Gravedigger chemical smell to the floor the... And CheyneStokes respiration avascular necrosis attacked her knees, restricting her to crutches for two months 370.... Whether the outbreak was unique died from complications related to cancer have to. Los Angeles on January 28th, 2013 emitted particles with a racing heartbeat abnormal. Service, after 45 minutes of CPR and defibrillation, she left the trauma and... Used it as a nerve gas, it could also explain the greasy appearance of Ramirez 's body continued and! After, everyone standing near the dying woman was starting to feel sick and nauseous Grants memory of the,! Found we could load it up in the journal Forensic Science International has very! Explained, kill cells in exposed tissues, such as the eyes mouth!
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